From Clueless to Mastery: Understanding How We Really Learn Leadership
My son recently turned 15 and is terrified about learning to drive. Watching his growing awareness of all the things he'll need to master reminds me of my own journey into leadership. That overwhelming feeling when you realize just how much you don't know? It's universal, whether you're learning to drive or learning to lead.
The Universal Pattern of Learning
Every skill we master follows the same four-stage pattern. Understanding these stages doesn't just help us learn – it helps us become better teachers and leaders. Let's break it down:
Stage 1: Unconsciously Incompetent
This is where we start: completely unaware of what we don't know. My son watching me drive from the passenger seat thinks it looks easy. Just like I once thought leadership was simply about telling people what to do. In this stage, we don't even know enough to be nervous.
What it sounds like:
- "How hard can it be?"
- "I've watched others do this plenty of times"
- "It's just common sense, right?"
Stage 2: Consciously Incompetent
Reality hits. For my son, it's the moment he first sits behind the wheel and realizes he needs to simultaneously:
- Watch all mirrors
- Control the pedals
- Stay in lane
- Monitor speed
- Watch for hazards
- Follow traffic rules
Suddenly, what looked simple becomes overwhelming. This is exactly how I felt in my first leadership role. The sheer number of things to track, decisions to make, and relationships to manage felt paralyzing.
This is where most people quit. The gap between where they are and where they need to be feels too vast. The awareness of everything they don't know becomes overwhelming.
Stage 3: Consciously Competent
This is the practice phase. Every action requires intense focus and deliberate thought. New drivers white-knuckle the steering wheel, mentally checking every mirror, hyper-aware of every move. New leaders similarly overthink every interaction, decision, and meeting.But here's the good news: with enough practice, patterns emerge. Confidence builds. What once required intense concentration starts to flow more naturally.
Stage 4: Unconsciously Competent
Finally, mastery (auto-pilot)! Experienced drivers navigate complex situations without conscious thought. Their mind is free to focus on higher-level decisions because the basics have become automatic.Great leaders reach this same state. They can seamlessly shift from strategic planning to team development to crisis management, all while making it look effortless. But remember – it only looks effortless because of the thousands of hours of practice that came before.And also remember – never stop learning. Don’t assume you’ve got it figured out.
Breaking Through the Barrier
Remember that critical second stage where most people quit? Here's how to push through:
- Normalize the Overwhelm
- Recognize that feeling overwhelmed is a sign of growth
- Understand that everyone goes through this phase
- Use it as a signal that you're actually learning
- Chunk It Down
- Break the skill into smaller, manageable pieces
- Focus on mastering one element at a time
- Celebrate small wins along the way
- Find a Guide
- Learn from those who've already mastered the skill
- Seek feedback from experienced mentors
- Use structured learning programs to fast-track progress
The Leadership Connection
Leadership development follows this exact pattern. New leaders often move from:
- Thinking leadership is simple (Stage 1)
- Becoming overwhelmed by its complexity (Stage 2)
- Deliberately practicing new skills (Stage 3)
- Finally leading naturally and effectively (Stage 4)
The key is recognizing where you are in the journey and not getting discouraged in that critical second stage. Remember: feeling overwhelmed isn't a sign that you're failing – it's a sign that you're growing.
Moving Forward
Whether you're learning to drive, lead, or master any new skill, understanding these four stages helps you:
- Recognize where you are in the learning journey
- Stay motivated during the challenging phases
- Support others through their own development
- Build more effective learning environments
The path from unconscious incompetence to unconscious competence isn't easy, but it is predictable. And with the right understanding, support, and persistence, it's absolutely achievable.
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We've all seen it: The perfect candidate on paper - impressive skills, stellar experience, glowing references. Then three months in, it's clear something's not clicking. They're struggling, the team's frustrated, and you're wondering how you missed the signs.
Here's the uncomfortable truth: We're asking all the wrong questions in hiring.
The Great Skills Chase
For generations, we've been obsessed with skills and experience. We scrutinize resumes, hunting for the perfect combination of certifications, tools, and past roles. But let's be honest - when was the last time a new hire walked in completely ready to go, with no need for training on your specific:
- Systems and tools
- Company processes
- Team dynamics
- Cultural norms
Yet we keep chasing the skills-unicorn while overlooking something far more fundamental: how people are naturally hardwired to work.
Understanding Hardwiring: The Missing Piece
Hardwiring represents the core drives and motivations that shape how someone:
- Processes information
- Makes decisions
- Solves problems
- Communicates with others
- Responds to pressure
- Approaches innovation
Unlike skills that can be taught or experiences that can be gained, these attributes are remarkably stable throughout someone's career. They're the foundation that determines not just if someone can do a job, but how they'll approach it and whether they'll truly thrive in the role.
The Hidden Cost of Getting It Wrong
The numbers are staggering:
- 46% of new hires fail within 18 months (Leadership IQ Study)
- Direct costs of a mis-hire range from 30% to 150% of annual salary (US Department of Labor)
- Up to 500% of annual salary when including comprehensive costs like recruiting, training, lost productivity, and culture impact (Society for Human Resource Management - SHRM)
- 80% of turnover is due to poor hiring decisions (Aptive Index research)
But these statistics only tell part of the story. The real costs run deeper:
- Disengaged employees going through the motions
- Team dynamics thrown off balance
- Innovation stifled by misalignment
- Culture eroding from within
The Hardwiring Revolution
Understanding hardwiring transforms how organizations:
Hire with Precision
Instead of gambling on resume keywords, you can predict how someone will actually perform in a role by understanding their natural drives and motivations.
Build Stronger Teams
When you understand how team members are hardwired to work, you can:
- Optimize communication patterns
- Reduce unnecessary friction
- Leverage complementary strengths
- Foster genuine collaboration
Develop Better Leaders
Leaders who understand hardwiring can:
- Adapt their management style effectively
- Build more cohesive teams
- Drive higher engagement
- Reduce turnover
- Increase innovation
Making the Shift
Ready to move beyond the resume? Here's how to start:
- Rethink Your Hiring Process Look beyond surface qualifications to understand candidates' natural drives and motivations.
- Map Your Team Understand the hardwiring of your existing team to identify strengths, gaps, and opportunities.
- Align Roles with Nature Structure positions to leverage people's natural strengths rather than fighting against them.
- Build Understanding Foster a culture where different working styles are understood and valued.
The Future is Hardwired
In today's rapidly evolving workplace, understanding hardwiring isn't just an advantage - it's a necessity. Organizations that embrace this approach will:
- Build more resilient teams
- Drive higher performance
- Reduce costly turnover
- Create stronger cultures
- Unlock true innovation
The question isn't whether to make this shift, but how quickly you can implement it before your competition does.
What if those advantages are deliberately more favorable than what's offered to those already at the top? What if we created entire systems designed to give extra support, resources, and opportunities to those who are behind?
If you felt a visceral "no" just now, I get it. Such suggestions often trigger immediate pushback about merit, fairness, and earning your way.
But what if I told you that some of America's most beloved and profitable institutions have been doing exactly this for decades? And not only do we accept it - we enthusiastically tune in every week to watch it work?
Welcome to the NFL draft.
Every year, we watch a system that deliberately advantages struggling teams. The Browns don't get told to "pull themselves up by their bootstraps." The Giants aren’t accused of cheating when they get early picks of top talent. Instead, we've built entire structures to ensure that those at the bottom get extra help, additional resources, and preferential access to new opportunities.
And here's the kicker: Look at the Kansas City Chiefs heading into Super Bowl 2025 this Sunday. Despite a system that deliberately gives advantages to struggling teams, the Chiefs are appearing in their fourth Super Bowl in five years. Having systematically lower draft picks hasn't destroyed their ability to excel. They've simply had to continue working hard and making the most of their opportunities - just like everyone else.
Giving advantages to those who are behind doesn't automatically diminish those at the top. The Chiefs aren't losing because other teams get better draft picks. Excellence, merit, and hard work still matter – we've just created a system that gives everyone a better shot at achieving them.
Why? Because we understand something fundamental about sports that we seem to struggle with in other contexts: Sometimes, helping those who are behind lifts up the entire game.
Now, let's be clear - the challenges faced by struggling NFL teams aren't directly comparable to the systemic barriers and historical disadvantages faced by marginalized communities in our society. Professional sports franchises worth billions aren't the same as generations of families who've been denied access to education, housing, or career advancement opportunities. The parallel isn't perfect.
But the principle illuminates something important about how we think about advantage and opportunity. If we can understand that giving struggling teams extra support makes the whole league stronger, why do we resist programs designed to give historically disadvantaged groups better access to opportunity? If we celebrate systematic advantage every Sunday, why do we question it on Monday morning?
I don't claim to have the perfect policy solutions for addressing generations of systemic inequality. These are complex challenges that require thoughtful, nuanced approaches. But what I do know is this: There are people and communities who need us, as a society, to create better pathways to opportunity - not handouts, but real chances to compete and excel. Just as we've done in sports, we can create systems that both maintain high standards and ensure everyone has a fair shot at meeting them.
The timing couldn't be more relevant. As we debate dismantling DEI programs in 2025, millions will gather this Sunday to watch our most profitable sports league showcase a system built on the principle that those with the longest distance to cover need extra support to compete. So perhaps before we rush to declare victory over "unfair" corporate DEI initiatives, we should ask ourselves: If we can cheer for equity on the field, why not in the workplace?
In the landscape of professional assessments, personality tests have dominated for decades. However, a different type of assessment—the conative test—offers unique insights that traditional personality assessments can't capture. These tests measure not who we are (personality) or what we know (cognitive), but how we naturally take action when faced with problems to solve.
Typing "conative" into your device will cause it to get red squiggly-lined, and maybe even autocorrected to "cognitive." But trust us, it’s a real word.
What is Conation and What Do Conative Tests Measure?
Conation comes from the Latin word "conatus," meaning "effort" or "striving." It represents our innate drive to act and solve problems—the natural, hardwired tendencies that influence how we approach tasks, make decisions, and interact with our environment.
While personality tests measure adaptable behaviors and preferences shaped by experience, conative tests measure more stable, innate drives that have typically been consistent since our teenage years. These drives represent how we are hardwired to work when free from external pressures.
Conative tests measure attributes such as:
- Natural pace and approach to tasks
- Innate tendencies toward structure versus flexibility
- Drive for precision and detail
- Motivation to influence outcomes or lead
- Need for social interaction versus independent work
- Adaptability to change versus preference for consistency
Benefits of Measuring Conative Traits
Understanding conative traits offers several advantages over solely relying on personality assessments:
1. Greater Stability Over Time
Conative traits tend to remain more consistent throughout adulthood, while personality can shift significantly based on environment, roles, and experiences. This stability makes conative assessments particularly valuable for long-term career planning and development.
2. Prediction of Natural Performance
Conative assessments help predict how someone will naturally perform in various environments. When someone's conative drives align with their role requirements, they often experience:
- Reduced stress and burnout
- Higher job satisfaction
- Better performance with less effort
- Longer tenure in roles
3. Insight Into Team Dynamics
Understanding the conative drives of team members reveals natural strengths and potential friction points, allowing leaders to:
- Optimize task allocation based on innate strengths
- Improve communication by acknowledging different working styles
- Create more balanced teams with complementary drives
- Reduce unnecessary conflict stemming from different approaches
Popular Conative Assessments in the Market
Kolbe A™ Index
One of the pioneers in conative assessment, the Kolbe A™ Index measures four "Action Modes":
- Fact Finder: How we gather and share information
- Follow Thru: How we organize and arrange
- Quick Start: How we deal with risk and uncertainty
- Implementor: How we handle space and tangibles
The Kolbe uses a 1-10 scale for each mode and focuses exclusively on these conative elements without mixing in personality factors.
Predictive Index
While Predictive Index doesn't specifically label itself a conative assessment, it measures what they call "drives" and needs through a two-list methodology. These drives—Dominance, Extraversion, Patience, and Formality—share similarities with conative factors, though they represent a blend of motivational and behavioral elements rather than pure conative traits.
Aptive Index: A Hybrid Approach to Assessment
Aptive Index represents a next-generation approach that combines elements of both conative and adaptive measurement, designed specifically for today's workplace challenges. The name itself—a blend of "adaptable" and "conative"—reflects this hybrid nature, measuring both hardwired drives and how these express themselves in workplace contexts.
Scientific Foundation
Aptive Index measures eight key attributes that research shows directly impact job performance and satisfaction:
Primary Attributes (ISCP)
- Influence: Drive to impact people, events, and outcomes
- Sociability: Drive for and energy gained from social interaction
- Consistency: Drive for stability, routine, and methodical approaches
- Precision: Drive for accuracy, adherence to rules, and attention to detail
Standalone Attributes
- Emotional Resonance: Ability to deeply connect with emotions
- Prosocial: Drive to support others and contribute to collective wellbeing
- Intensity: Natural pace and sense of urgency when approaching tasks
- Abstraction: Capacity for abstract thought and innovative problem-solving
The inclusion of Intensity as a distinct attribute is particularly valuable, as it measures a person's natural pace and sense of urgency independent from their preference for structure (Consistency) or detail (Precision). This distinction helps explain why some individuals can be simultaneously methodical yet quick-moving, or flexible yet deliberate in their pace.
User Experience Advantages
Designed for practical application in modern organizations, Aptive Index offers:
- Mobile-first platform design for easy access
- 8-minute average completion time versus 60+ minutes for many competitors
- Clear, actionable insights without requiring extensive interpretation
- Modern user interface following contemporary UX principles
Practical Implementation
Rather than purely theoretical insights, Aptive Index provides practical applications for:
- Hiring and selection decisions
- Team composition analysis
- Leadership development
- Conflict resolution
- Communication optimization
The Reality of Conative Assessments: Transparency Matters
While conative tests provide valuable insights, it's important to understand their limitations and proper context:
Stability vs. Rigidity
Conative traits are relatively stable but not completely static. They can shift subtly over time or in response to significant life events. The key distinction is that these shifts are typically:
- Gradual rather than sudden
- Limited in magnitude
- Often temporary during extreme circumstances
For example, someone might show slightly different conative patterns during major life transitions or periods of high stress, but their core tendencies generally remain recognizable.
Accuracy Trade-Offs
Shorter, more accessible assessments like Aptive Index prioritize practical usability and adoption. This creates inevitable trade-offs:
- Depth vs. Accessibility: More comprehensive assessments may provide deeper insights but require significantly more time and expertise to administer and interpret.
- Specificity vs. Applicability: Highly detailed assessments might capture nuanced variations but can become impractical for organizational use.
- Theoretical Purity vs. Practical Value: Some assessments maintain strict theoretical boundaries between conative, cognitive, and affective domains, while others like Aptive Index intentionally incorporate elements that have proven practical value for workplace applications.
Complementary, Not Comprehensive
Conative assessments should be viewed as one valuable tool in a broader toolkit for understanding human potential and performance, not as a complete solution. They work best when combined with:
- Skill and experience evaluation
- Cultural fit assessment
- Interviews and reference checks
- Performance data
Conclusion: The Future of Conative Assessment
As work environments become increasingly complex and dynamic, understanding conative drives becomes even more valuable. Modern assessments like Aptive Index reflect this evolution, combining scientific rigor with practical usability.
The most effective organizations recognize that conative assessment isn't about fitting people into rigid categories but about creating environments where everyone can contribute through their natural strengths while developing strategies to address areas of potential challenge.
By understanding the stable yet nuanced nature of conative drives, organizations can build more effective teams, reduce unnecessary friction, and create the conditions for both individual fulfillment and collective success.
Looking to explore how conative assessment could benefit your organization? Learn more about Aptive Index's modern, mobile-friendly approach to measuring innate drives and optimizing team performance at aptiveindex.com.